What Does Bovine Tuberculosis Do to Humans?
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. While it primarily affects cattle and other animals, it can also be transmitted to humans. However, it's important to understand that human-to-human transmission of bTB is extremely rare.
How Humans Get Infected
Humans usually contract bTB through direct contact with infected animals, primarily through:
- Inhaling infected aerosols: This can happen when handling infected animals or their products, such as milk or meat.
- Ingestion of unpasteurized milk or dairy products: If the milk comes from infected cows, the bacteria can be ingested.
- Contact with infected animal carcasses: This can occur in abattoirs or during butchering.
Symptoms of Bovine Tuberculosis in Humans
The symptoms of bTB in humans are often similar to those of regular tuberculosis (TB), including:
- Persistent cough
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
However, bTB infection is often asymptomatic and may not show symptoms for years.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing bTB in humans can be challenging, as the symptoms are similar to other respiratory illnesses. Skin testing and chest X-rays are commonly used to detect infection.
Treatment for bTB in humans typically involves a long course of antibiotics, which can be effective if the infection is caught early. However, treatment can be difficult and may take months or even years.
Prevention
The best way to prevent bTB infection in humans is to:
- Ensure that all milk and dairy products are pasteurized.
- Avoid close contact with infected animals.
- Maintain good hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing.
Conclusion
While bTB can infect humans, it is not a common disease. The risk of contracting bTB is significantly lower than that of other types of tuberculosis. If you have any concerns about possible exposure to bTB, consult with a healthcare professional.
