Cardinal Signs of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs, but can also spread to other parts of the body.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing the spread of TB and improving the chances of a successful recovery. One of the key steps in diagnosing TB is recognizing the cardinal signs and symptoms. These are the classic and most common indicators of the disease.
Here are the cardinal signs of pulmonary tuberculosis:
1. Cough
- The most common symptom of TB is a persistent cough that lasts for more than three weeks.
- This cough is often accompanied by sputum (phlegm), which may be clear, white, yellow, or even bloody.
2. Fever
- TB can cause low-grade fever, typically occurring in the afternoon or evening.
- The fever may be intermittent, meaning it comes and goes.
3. Night Sweats
- Night sweats are another common symptom of TB.
- They are characterized by profuse sweating that occurs at night, often soaking through clothes.
4. Weight Loss
- Unexplained weight loss is a significant sign of TB.
- The body may be unable to absorb nutrients due to the infection, leading to significant weight loss.
5. Fatigue
- Extreme tiredness and weakness are common in TB patients.
- This fatigue can be persistent and may interfere with daily activities.
6. Chest Pain
- Chest pain may occur in TB, especially if the infection has spread to the pleura (the lining of the lungs).
- The pain may worsen with coughing or breathing deeply.
7. Shortness of Breath
- Shortness of breath can occur in TB, especially if the infection has significantly affected lung function.
Other Symptoms
In addition to the cardinal signs, other symptoms may include:
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
- Joint pain
- Swelling in the lymph nodes
Important Note:
It's crucial to remember that these symptoms can be caused by other conditions as well. If you experience any of these signs, it's important to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early detection and treatment are essential for successful recovery from TB.
