Signs and Symptoms of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. Active pulmonary tuberculosis occurs when the bacteria are actively multiplying in the lungs, leading to various symptoms. While some people may experience mild symptoms, others may experience severe symptoms that require immediate medical attention. Here are the common signs and symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis:
Common Signs and Symptoms:
- Coughing: This is the most common symptom of active TB. The cough may be dry or produce phlegm, which may be blood-stained. The cough may persist for several weeks.
- Fever: A low-grade fever, especially in the afternoon, is a common symptom.
- Night sweats: Excessive sweating at night, especially without a known cause.
- Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss without any dietary changes.
- Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and weakness.
- Loss of appetite: Decreased appetite or feeling full quickly.
- Chest pain: Pain in the chest, especially when breathing or coughing.
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling short of breath.
Less Common Signs and Symptoms:
- Wheezing: A whistling sound when breathing.
- Hoarseness: A change in voice, making it sound raspy or hoarse.
- Swelling in the neck: Lymph nodes in the neck may become swollen.
When to See a Doctor:
If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, especially if they persist for more than two weeks, it is crucial to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the spread of TB and to ensure a successful recovery.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosing active TB usually involves the following tests:
- Sputum smear microscopy: A microscopic examination of a sample of sputum (phlegm).
- Culture: Growing the TB bacteria from a sputum sample.
- Chest X-ray: To detect abnormalities in the lungs.
- Tuberculin skin test (TST) or QuantiFERON-TB Gold test: To determine if you have been infected with TB.
Treatment:
Active TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics for a prolonged period, typically 6 to 9 months. It is essential to complete the entire course of treatment to prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics.
Conclusion:
Active pulmonary tuberculosis can be a serious condition if left untreated. Recognizing the signs and symptoms and seeking medical attention promptly are crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. With proper treatment, most people with TB can make a full recovery.
